معرفت

Real Shiah`s Daily Schedule (2)

Allameh Mohammad Taqi Mesbah

Abstract

The present article explores the daily Shiah`s behavioral features from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h). Due to the fear of God, real Shiah`s bodies are feeble and thin. Sorrow, fear, sadness in an average level can cause the Shiah to be motivated to move toward prosperity on one hand, and on the other hand, ignorance can cause irresponsibility and not having a plan to get the desired goals; because the man who is easygoing and ignorant and without sorrow, will never be negligent of taking care of his own body and consequentially he will be fat and will continue his gluttony. However, the worry and fear is not resulted from the interest in an unpleasant life, it prevents the danger. Henceforth the fear of God will deprive him the peace, and such a person who has the fear of God, is always having a worry for the future, though having a smiley face and an attentive character. Since the real Shiahs are always after doing the good deeds and worshiping God and doing good deeds will not satisfy them, they pay a little attention to the material world and they are afraid of the path. This is one the Quranic teachings that human relates the assets and moral beauties to God. And human considers the faults and malfunctions as a result of his own deed. Therefore, human should always be worried about the result of his deeds and in order for him to be grown spiritually he should be an estimator.

Key words: sorrow, fear, deprivation of worshiping God, conceit.

The Educational Role of Social Organizations in the Creation of a Religious Society

Abdolreza Zarabi

Abstract

Each society is formed with organizations that promote the community toward growth and development based on its own responsibilities and functions. These functions can be discussed in political, social, economic and cultural areas. Social organizations can play their role best when they act in a systematic spotlight, considering the functions and responsibilities of their ow organizations. The present paper seeks at exploring the functions and responsibilities of each of these social organization independently, and analyzes their roles in interaction with each other in order to manifest a religious society. In case a society is moving toward the manifestation of the divine purposes, the macro politics in that society must be formed in a way that by religiously educating the people, it moves toward monasticism and the ultimate goal of a society that is nearness to God would be met. The findings show that each organization based on its responsibility does a part of the duties in a society. A society is aligned in the true path of success and it is away from the internal and external harms once organizations are in complete agreement and harmony and they do the responsibilities in a society harmoniously. This is a descriptive-analytic paper.

Key words: organization, system, family, government, politics, economy, education, organization`s interaction.

Education Evaluation; the Position of Evaluation in the Teaching of Values

Mahnaz Hajqolamrezaei / Sayyed Hamid Reza Alawi

Abstract

Like academic evaluation, educational evaluation is an important issue that must be mastered on all teaching-learning activities. It must be used in order to recognize the compatibility of the process of learning with the learning aim. This article seeks to recognize the appropriate methods in educational evaluations. Using a descriptive-analytical and a library-theoretical-based method, this paper was done by using the educational experiences of the researchers. The findings show that 14 appropriate evaluation methods are presented for educational teaching purposes. Formal and informal teachers can use these methods to evaluate learners and they can also realize how the taught values are internalized. Therefore, they can understand if their method was successful so that the grounds for rethinking about the values or learning –teaching stages would be prepared.

Key words: evaluation, education evaluation, educational teachings, internalizing the values.

Adherence to the Religious Beliefs and Its Role in Achieving Happiness and Mental Health

ZeinabSadat ALHosseini / Faezeh Nateqi

Abstract

The present paper aims at the role of adhering to the religious beliefs in happiness and mental health among the students of Azad University of Arak. This correlation has a descriptive method. The population includes 144 employed female students of educational sciences major in B.A., M.A. and PhD. The sample includes 105 students that are randomly chosen based on Morgan`s chart. To collect the data three questionnaires were used based on Cronbach’s Alfa; Oxford`s happiness 943/0, general health 905/0 and religious-oriented questionnaire 863/0. To analyze the data descriptive statistics methods and inferential statistics method were used. One-way variance (ANOVA), Pierson`s correlation coefficient, multi variant regression and independent T were used. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between adhering to the religious beliefs and student`s happiness and moral health. And adhering to the religious beliefs and happiness can guarantee student`s mental health. Adherence to the religious beliefs can clarify the most important part of happiness and mental health.

Key words: adherence to religious beliefs, happiness, mental health.

How to Provide Children with Moral Education and Factors Affecting It; an Attentive Approach to Organizing Educational Programs

Hassan Najafi / Mohammad Hassan Mohammadi

Abstract

Moral Education means forming the understanding and arising the emotions in order to weaken the vices and strengthen the virtues to be internalized in the deep layers of human`s spirit. A knowledge into the ways that a child has received moral education and its effective factors can play an important role in managing educational programs as a thoughtful inquiry. The findings of this descriptive-analytic research show that moral education in childhood must have objective, effective methods and consider barriers and it must be performed in alignment with three aspects of cognitive, emotional and functional. However, paying attention to hereditary and environmental factors (family, school, peers, virtual media, geographical conditions) are of the necessities of this educational system.

Key words: childhood, how to provide moral education, effective factors on moral education, organizing educational programs.

An Inquiry into the Philosophy of the Education of Retarded Children; Foundations, Objectives, Principles

Majid Khari Arani / Akbar Rahnama / Rasool Barkhordar

Abstract

This article expounds the philosophy of education of exceptional children regarding the foundations, objectives and principles of education. This theoretical analytic-documentary paper collects the research data through a library based-method. The findings show that; education plays an important role in the lives of reatrded children. The foundations of retarded children`s education includes: human`s dignity, the enjoyment of human beings by common sense and different features, human being`s independency, justice as the most fundamental social value, feeling a component of society. The objectives of education include: prosperity, knowing one self, complimenting the spirit of respect, reducing the growth damage by appropriate intervention and promoting talents. The principles of education include: the principle of ((training the characteristic by relying of self-esteem)), the principle of ((promoting creativity)), the principle of ((activity)) and the principle of ((self-denial)).

Key words: education philosophy, retarded children, foundations, objectives, principles.

How to Teach the Meaning of Death to Children; based on the teachings of Quran and Islamic Narrations

Maryam Ashuri / Tayebeh Mahrouzadeh

Abstract

Death is a grievous and unpleasant incident and it is distasteful for most children. Utilizing correct strategies to teach the concept of Death to the children guarantees individual and social health. These strategies must be based on thoughtfulness and according to the foundations of Islamic philosophy and appropriate for their ages. Using a descriptive-analytic approach the current study aims at presenting effective ways to teach the concept of Death to the children based on Quran and religious beliefs. The findings show that firstly; the teaching of the concept of Death must be based on evading redundancy about the concepts relating to death, and secondly; the teacher must use methods such as analogy and observing the life cycle in nature.

Key words: death, procedure, teaching, evading, story, analogy.

The Barriers to University Students` Research Works; A Comparative and Case Study of the State University and Azad University of Qom

Seifollah Fazlollahi Ghomeishi

Abstract

Research and science production is the main mission of universities and is the bases of the all-round development in societies today. A realistic analysis of the barriers, especially for the university students can lead the universities to a great success in this regards. The present paper aims at expounding the effective factors in preventing the conduction of a good research by comparing state university and Azad university of Qom. This descriptive survey includes all the students of the both universities. 355 students were chosen by the method of random sampling. The data analysis show that 1. The role of inhibiting motivational factors, how to provide research service, official-instructional, cultural and individual (technical) factors, are found more in the researches done in Azad university than the state university (with the assurance of 0/99 and 0/01). 2. There is no significant difference between the ranking of the students of both universities. 3. The most important factors in preventing students of doing researches in Azad university are individual factors (technical) and in state university is how to provide the research service.

Key words: students` researching, barriers, Azad University, State University.