Ma`rifat

There are two logical and philosophical terms for "the copulative being or the inhering existence ". This term was first introduced in logic for the relationship among propositions. In logic, the inhering existence has an in- something-else existence and is contrast to the existence in -itself. Philosophically, the copulative being has an existence for –something- else and is opposite the independent and for-itself existence. According to Sadr al-Muta’allehin, the copulative being has two terms in the philosopher's words: a literal meaning referred to as the relation of the propositions, and the other meaning as the existence for –something-else. By forging a new term for the copulative being and proving the existence of a caused inhering being, Sadr al-Muta’allehin considers it as lacking an existence independent of its cause. In his view, the caused is not referable and no decree is carried on it without negligence. From the caused inhering existence, he concludes the particular unity of being. Using the descriptive method, this paper seeks to present and study the arguments of Sadr al-Muta’allehin for proving the copulative being. It should be said that although the caused existence can be proved, it does not require particular unity.